These joints create angular motions in several planes, opposition included, and are known as biaxial. An example is the first carpometacarpal joint, between the trapezium and the metacarpal bone of the thumb, which enables us to oppose our thumbs. Saddle joints are formed between convex and concave articulating surfaces. The radiocarpal joint, between the radius and the scaphoid, is an example. These are biaxial joints that produce angular motions, as they are able to flex and extend, as well as abduct and adduct. The difference between these and ball and socket joints, is the shape of the articulating surfaces in condyloid joints the joint surfaces are oval instead of spherical. An example is the atlantoaxial joint, between the atlas (C1) and axis (C2) cervical vertebrae, that allow us to rotate our head.Ĭondyloid joints are found between two articulating surfaces one oval articular surface nestles within the depression of the opposing articulating surface. They consist of a circular part of a bone that rotates inside the ligament of another. Pivot joints are also uniaxial joints, however, they only permit rotational motion. Examples include the knee joint which forms between the femoral condyles and the tibial plateau, and the elbow joint, which forms between the humerus and the bones of the forearm (radius and ulna). The definition is when part of a bone wraps around another in a cylinder-like structure like the hinge of a door. Hinge joints are uniaxial joints that allow for angular motion in a single plane such as flexion and extension. They are uniaxial, in that they only move in one surface plane making a linear motion. The intercarpal joints of the wrist region are an example of this. Plane joints (gliding) are where surfaces of the bones slide across each other.
There are numerous types of synovial joints. All synovial joints are referred to as diarthrotic, as they are freely movable in one or multiple planes.
Synovial joints are defined by the presence of a fluid filled synovial membrane lined joint cavity, which lies between the articulating bony surfaces. zygapophyseal joints between the facets of adjacent vertebrae. They are also found in the axial skeleton e.g. They are found in the appendicular skeleton e.g. These are the most common joints in the body. Intervertebral fibrocartilage, Fibrocartilago intervertebralis Hyaline cartilage is hard and almost bone-like. Examples include the diaphyseal epiphyseal joint (where the growth plate is) of any long bone, and also the first sternocostal joint. They are joined by a rigid hyaline cartilage bridge. Synchondrosis joints - These joints allow for no movement, and hence are termed synarthrotic. Examples include the pubic symphysis and the intervertebral disc joints. They are joined together by fibrocartilage typically in the shape of a wedge or pad. Symphysis - These joints allow for very little movement (hence are termed amphiarthrotic), and are found in the midline (with the exception of the atlantoaxial joint, which is a synovial joint). This joint is the attachment of the tooth socket for the teeth and they allow for no movement ( synarthrotic - exception of tooth shedding from baby to adult teeth). Gomphosis - These are particular to the oral cavity like a peg in a socket. An example is the interosseus membrane between the radius and ulna. Hence, they allow for minimal movement with a slight degree of mobility (therefore they are known as amphiarthrotic joints).
Syndesmotic joints - These joints are comparable to suture joints but have slightly longer joint fibers (ligamentous connection between bones). Examples include the joints between the bones of the adult skull. These are joints that allow for no movement at all ( synarthrotic). In other words, the bones are locked together like a puzzle. Suture joint - These joints are formed between bones via short fibers of dense connective tissue. Lower limb: pelvis, hip, thigh, leg, foot Upper limb: scapula, clavicle, humerus, forearm, wrist, hand Vertebral column: cervical, thoracic, lumbarĪuditory ossicles: malleus, incus, stapes
Skull: frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital, sphenoid, ethmoidįace: mandible, maxilla, zygomatic, nasal, lacrimal, teeth Synovial: plane, hinge, pivot, condyloid, saddle, ball and socket In this article, we will systematically go through all the bones of the body, describe their location, and joints. Knowledge of the skeletal structure of the human body is essential to know before any anatomy exam, especially in clinical situations where accurate descriptions of bony trauma will be required. The human body has an amazing array of different bones, many of which you can find on yourself or on a skeleton. They range in size from the tiniest found in the middle ear, to the largest that forms our thigh. There are a total of 206 bonesin the adult human body.